Common Summer Skin Problems

Posted on July 10, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Summer has arrived, and we will all be spending more time outdoors enjoying the warm weather and sunshine. However, spending more time outdoors means an increased exposure to sunlight, insects, and other elements of summer can lead to common skin conditions.

Some common summer skin conditions include:

Sun skin damage- sun safety is a priority when it comes to summer skin care. Even a few bad sunburns can increase the risk of skin cancer, premature wrinkling, and aging. Some ways to protect your skin include:

Using a good, broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen on your face and other exposed areas, even on cloudy days.

Apply generously, and remember not to forget the lips, rims of the ears, the back of the neck, and tops of the feet

Choose a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30

Reapply about every two hours and after swimming or sweating

Covering up with sun-protection clothing and always wear a hat and sunglasses

Staying inside or in a shaded area during peak sunny hours

Insect bites and stings can leave the skin with painful welts and can even spread disease. A tick bite can spread Lyme disease. Wasp, bees, hornets, and yellow jacket stings can be painful, especially if you are allergic. Mosquito bites can make summertime gatherings miserable.

To help prevent insect bites and stings, you can follow these steps:

Use repellent to keep bugs off your skin

Use a fan to circulate the air to help keep bugs from biting

Treat bites with an anti-itch medication, as scratching bug bites can cause infection, break the skin, and leave scars

Rashes and skin irritations- things such as summer heat, poison ivy, swimming in certain bodies of water, perspiration, and other factors can cause skin irritations and rashes.

Hot summer air and sweat can cause and/or aggravate certain skin conditions, such as acne, tinea, and prickly heat.

Plants such as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are plentiful in the summer. If you go for a run or hike, or go camping, be mindful that the oils from these plants can cause an allergic reaction that can be severe, with redness, swelling, and intense itchiness. The best way to prevent coming in contact with these plants is to learn what they look like so you can avoid them while outdoors. If you are exposed to these plants, wash your hands and clothes thoroughly to remove as much oil as possible.

Bodies of water can contain bacteria, parasites, and other irritants that can cause certain water-related rashes, such as:

Swimmer’s itch

Sea lice

Chlorine rash

Some general summer skin care tips to keep your skin healthier during the summer months include:

Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water to keep your skin healthy and moisturized from the inside

Limit your exposure to the sun

Take cool showers and dry off when you’re hot and sweaty

Use a mild cleanser daily and avoid heavy makeup

If you are suffering from any summer skin condition, you can visit Jamaica Hospital Medical Center’s Ambulatory Care Center. To schedule an appointment, please call (718) 206-7001.

All content of this newsletter is intended for general information purposes only and is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a medical professional before adopting any of the suggestions on this page. You must never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking medical treatment based upon any content of this newsletter. PROMPTLY CONSULT YOUR PHYSICIAN OR CALL 911 IF YOU BELIEVE YOU HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY.

Tips to Celebrate the Fourth of July Safely

Posted on July 3, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

As many of us prepare to celebrate the Fourth of July, it is important to be mindful of ways to stay safe this holiday, to protect ourselves and our loved ones.

Here are some tips to help you celebrate July 4th safely:

When it comes to fireworks, the safest way to enjoy them is to attend a public fireworks show that is put on by professionals. Many states outlaw most fireworks, so you may want to consider celebrating with glow sticks, noise makers, and/or silly string instead. If you are allowed to set fireworks off at home, follow these safety steps:

Never give fireworks to small children, and never throw or point fireworks toward people, animals, vehicles, structures, or flammable materials.

Always follow the instructions on the packaging

Keep water close by

Make sure the person lighting fireworks always wears eye protection

Light only one firework at a time and never relight a “dud”, which is a firework that doesn’t work after being lit

Store fireworks in a cool, dry place that is away from children and pets

Never use fireworks around pets. Keep them indoors. Exposure to lit fireworks can potentially result in severe burns or trauma, and many pets are also fearful of loud noises and can become lost, scared, or disoriented.

Summer heat can be unbearable and very dangerous. If there are extremely high temperatures where you are celebrating, it is important to ensure everyone’s safety by doing the following:

Postpone or limit outdoor activities. If you must work outdoors, take frequent breaks and avoid the hottest part of the day. Never leave children or pets in a vehicle alone.

Drink plenty of water and avoid sugary, caffeinated, and alcoholic drinks. Check that animals also have access to fresh water and shade.

Spend time indoors in an air-conditioned place. If you don’t have air conditioning, go to a public place that has one. Check on loved ones and neighbors who may be at risk and don’t have air conditioning.

It is important to know what to do in case of emergencies, as they can happen no matter where you may be. Taking a first aid class and being trained in first aid gives you the ability to respond when minutes matter. Having the knowledge of what to do in specific emergencies and helping care for people as you wait for medical professionals to arrive gives that person the best chance for a positive outcome. No matter the emergency, being trained in first aid can be a lifesaving tool.

It is important to be well prepared for any emergencies that may arise. If you or a loved one is experiencing an emergency, please call 911 immediately.

Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Posted on July 2, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Cardiovascular disease can be deadly for anyone. However, women face unique risks, largely due to differences in anatomy and hormones. They are more likely to have other heart attack symptoms and have a higher chance of developing symptoms from heart failure.

Over 60 million women (44%) in the United States are living with some form of heart disease. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women in the United States and can affect them at any age.

There are three types of heart disease. They include:

Coronary artery disease is the most common heart disease, caused by plaque in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart and other parts of the body. After menopause, women are at a higher risk of coronary artery disease because of hormonal changes.

Arrhythmia is a condition in which the heart beats too slowly, too fast, or irregularly. A common example is atrial fibrillation.

Heart failure happens when the heart is too weak to pump enough blood to support other organs in the body. This condition is serious, but it doesn’t mean the heart has stopped beating.

Although some women have no symptoms, other women may experience:

Angina is usually felt as a dull or heavy chest discomfort or ache

Pain in the neck, jaw, or throat

Pain in the upper abdomen or back

These symptoms may happen when you are resting or active. Women may also have other symptoms, including:

Nausea

Vomiting

Tiredness that won’t go away of feels excessive

In some women, the first signs and symptoms if heart disease can be:

A heart attack

Palpitations

A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced or blocked. The amount of damage to the heart muscle depends on the artery and the treatment.

The warning signs of a heart attack include:

Chest discomfort that lasts more than a few minutes or doesn’t go away and returns

Pain or discomfort in the arms, back, neck, jaw, and stomach

Shortness of breath

Other signs can include:

Breaking out in a cold sweat

Nausea

A rapid or irregular heartbeat

Unusual tiredness

Lightheadedness

Medical treatment for a heart attack is based on the type of heart attack and where the blockage in the coronary artery is.

A complete blockage of the artery of the heart is a STEMI or ST-elevation myocardial infarction. A partial blockage is an NSTEMI heart attack or a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The different ways to restore blood flow to the affected heart muscle during a heart attack include:

Clot-dissolving medications

Balloon angioplasty and stenting

Surgery

If you are experiencing an emergency, please call 911 right away. If you are experiencing heart attack symptoms, you can schedule an appointment at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center’s Cardiology Department by calling (718) 206-1700.

Sickle Cell Disease

Posted on June 17, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited blood cell disorders that affect hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen through the body. A genetic mutation in the HBB gene causes sickle cell disease. The HBB gene is responsible for making a part of hemoglobin. The disease gets its name from the abnormal crescent or “sickle” shape that some red blood cells develop, causing those red blood cells to block the blood flow through the body, creating recurring episodes of pain.

Sickle cell disease is a lifelong disease affecting more than 100,000 people in the United States and 20 million worldwide. It is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. In the U.S., most people who have sickle cell disease are of African ancestry or identify themselves as black. About one in 13 Black or African American babies is born with the sickle cell trait. About one in every 365 Black or African American babies is born with sickle cell disease. Many people who come from Hispanic, Southern European, Middle Eastern, or Asian Indian backgrounds also have sickle cell disease.

There are many symptoms of sickle cell disease. Early symptoms can include:

Jaundice- a condition that causes the color of the skin or whites of the eyes to turn yellow
Extreme tiredness
Painful swelling of the hands and feet

Many serious symptoms and complications of sickle cell disease include:

Episodes of severe pain
Anemia symptoms- fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, and an irregular heartbeat
Fever
Acute chest syndrome
Stroke
Priapism
Avascular necrosis
Pulmonary hypertension
Organ damage
Leg ulcers
Gallstones
Deep vein thrombosis
Pregnancy complications
Vision problems
Frequent infections

Sickle cell disease is diagnosed using a blood test that can check for the form of hemoglobin that underlies sickle cell anemia. In the United States, this test is part of routine newborn screening, but older children and adults can also get it.

If you or your child has sickle cell disease, your healthcare provider may suggest other tests to check for possible complications. If you or your child carries the sickle cell gene, you will likely be referred to a genetic counselor.

If you have sickle cell disease, there are many ways to manage and treat it, including:

Medicines
Blood transfusions
Blood and bone marrow transplant
Gene therapies
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

Your healthcare team will probably include a doctor specializing in blood diseases called a hematologist.

If you need help managing symptoms of sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait, schedule an appointment with a hematologist at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center’s Department of Internal Medicine at (718) 206-7001.

How Much Protein Do You Really Need?

Posted on June 13, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Protein is essential to maintaining overall good health. However, consuming extra protein often comes from eating meats high in saturated fats, which can add to elevated LDL cholesterol levels or “bad cholesterol.

The recommended daily allowance (RDA) is 0.8 g/kg per day for adults 18 years or older. Based on weight, growing children and pregnant or lactating women require more protein than a typical adult man or woman. In terms of calories, the recommendation is that 10% to 35% of your daily calories come from protein.

You can consume your recommended daily allowance of protein from several food sources. If someone’s body weight is 70kg (154 lbs.), the RDA of protein is 56 g/day. If you drink an 8-ounce glass of milk, you’ll take in about 8 grams of protein. Add a cup of yogurt for about another 11 grams. Follow that up with a 3-ounce piece of lean/extra lean meat, which is about 21 grams of protein, and a cup of dry beans, which is about 16 grams, and you have already reached the 56-gram daily requirement for an adult man. For an adult woman, a 46-gram daily requirement of protein can be reached by eating one serving of low-fat Greek yogurt, a 4-ounce serving of lean chicken breast, and a bowl of cereal with skim milk.

The American Heart Association has a guided outline of the suggested servings for each food group:

Choose plant-based proteins such as legumes, nuts, lentils, or chickpeas. These are not only high in protein but fiber. Legumes, for example, can pack about 16 grams of protein per cup and are low in fat and an inexpensive alternative to meat.
Opt for low-fat or fat-free dairy options instead of full-fat dairy products.
Include regular intake of fish and seafood 2 to 3 times a week, especially oily fish such as salmon, anchovies, herring, mackerel, tuna, and sardines, which are high in polyunsaturated fats. Make sure to avoid seafood that is fried. These forms do not have health benefits.
When choosing meat or poultry, opt for lean cuts, skinless poultry, and avoid processed forms.
Eggs are another good source of protein and provide other sources of nutrients that benefit your health. Healthy individuals can include up to a whole egg or equivalent daily. However, people with dyslipidemia should be cautious in consuming eggs.
Choose main dishes that combine meat and vegetables, such as low-fat soups or a stir-fry.
Be aware of portion size. Aim for 3-ounce servings (4 ounces raw) of cooked poultry or meat per meal.

Before you add or make any drastic changes to your diet, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider before doing so.

The registered dietitians at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center are ready to help you plan a diet that can reduce your risk of disease, maintain a healthy weight, and improve your overall health. To learn more or to schedule an appointment, please call (718) 657-7093.

Do Compression Socks Help with Circulation?

Posted on June 11, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Compression socks, or compression stockings, are socks of varying lengths and tightness that are made to fit more tightly than normal socks, so they gently squeeze your legs.

Compression socks are a popular treatment for tired legs and calf swelling. They support healthy circulation and can increase energy levels and lower the risk of blood clots. There are three primary types of compression socks:

Nonmedical support hosiery, which is available for anyone to buy over the counter

Graduated compression socks, which are only available by prescription from a doctor, require a professional fitting

Anti-embolism compression socks, which are prescribed for individuals who are at increased risk for pulmonary embolism

Compression socks are safe to wear when done correctly. However, that doesn’t mean they are safe for everyone in every situation. Some people shouldn’t use compression socks, like those with delicate or easily irritated skin. Some potential risks of wearing compression socks incorrectly include:

They can cut off your circulation

They can chafe and bruise your legs

They can cause itching, redness, and irritation

The safest way to use compression socks is to follow a healthcare provider’s guidance. Some best practices for safely wearing compression socks include:

Getting compression socks fitted properly by a professional

Getting fitted for the correct size of compression socks if you have gained or lost weight

Following instructions from the sock or stocking manufacturers and your healthcare provider

Checking your skin for changes such as redness, dents, dryness, and chafing between every wear

Hand-washing compression socks and hanging them dry to prevent warping or changes in the fabric

Disposing of compression socks after 30 or so wears, as soon as you notice them losing their stretch

Taking your compression socks off every day and replacing them with a clean, dry pair so the socks don’t adhere to your skin and become difficult to remove

To schedule an appointment with one of the Queens, NYC vascular surgeons at Jamaica Hospital or to learn more about the services we offer, please call (718) 206-7001.

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Posted on June 5, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Normal pressure cephalus (NPH) is a condition that occurs when cerebrospinal fluid builds up inside the skull and presses on the brain.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus can affect several brain-related abilities, including:

Thinking and concentration
Memory
Movement

There are two forms of normal pressure hydrocephalus, and they happen at equal rates. The two types are:

Primary (idiopathic) NPH means that it isn’t happening because of another medical condition, and the cause is unknown. Experts suspect idiopathic NPH can involve one or more age-related issues with how the body makes, circulates, and reabsorbs cerebrospinal fluid. About half the cases of NPH are idiopathic.
Secondary NPH happens when another medical condition affects how the body makes, circulates, or reabsorbs cerebrospinal fluid. Some examples of conditions that can cause secondary NPH include:
- A brain aneurysm
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Brain tumors, including cancer
- Encephalitis or meningitis
- Stroke
- Traumatic brain injuries

Normal pressure hydrocephalus is usually difficult to diagnose because it shares several symptoms with dementia and similar age-related conditions. It is also common for NPH to happen at the same time as age-related conditions. About 30% of people with NPH also have Alzheimer’s or a similar degenerative brain disease.

The symptoms of NPH usually start gradually, and develop and worsen over three to six months. The three main symptoms of NPH are known as Hakim’s triad. Between 50% and 75% of people with NPH show all three symptoms at the same time. Hakim’s triad includes three types of symptoms, which include:

Gait issues are the most likely of the three symptoms to occur. About 80% to 95% of people with NPH show this kind of symptom. Some of these symptoms may resemble movement-related symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, however, a key difference is that NPH symptoms typically only affect the legs and feet. If you have NPH, it often causes the following:
- Trouble lifting your feet
- Taking shorter and unsteady steps
- Hesitating or walking uncertainly
Urinary incontinence is when you lose control of your bladder, causing you to pee unintentionally. Early on, this can cause a strong urge to pee often that is difficult to control.
Cognitive difficulties are the third key symptom of NPH and can appear as or cause any of the following:
- Mental and physical slowness
- Memory problems
- Executive dysfunction
- Emotional changes

A healthcare provider can diagnose NPH using a combination of methods that include:

physical and neurological exams
Asking questions about your medical history and symptoms
diagnostic imaging, such as an MRI, cisternogram scan, and CT scans
Lab tests, such as a spinal tap

Depending on your symptoms, a healthcare provider may recommend other tests to rule out conditions that have symptoms similar to NPH.

NPH is usually a treatable disease. The approach to treatment varies depending on whether it is primary/idiopathic or secondary NPH. Unlike most brain-related conditions, treating NPH rarely involves medications because NPH doesn’t respond to medications.

Primary/idiopathic NPH is usually treatable, with the most common and most effective treatment being surgery to implant a device called a shunt.

Secondary NPH may be curable, only if it happens because of a curable condition. The treatment for secondary NPH varies depending on the underlying cause. A healthcare provider is the best person to tell you about the possible treatments and what they recommend.

If you commonly experience symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus or other brain-related conditions, you can receive specialized treatment from a neurologist at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center’s Ambulatory Care Center. To schedule an appointment, please call (718)-206-7001.

Primary Heart Attack Center Certification

Posted on June 4, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Every year, more than 800,000 people in the U.S. have a heart attack. A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced or blocked. The blockage is usually due to a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the heart’s arteries. The amount of damage to the heart muscle depends on the artery and the treatment.

Most heart attacks are caused by coronary artery disease, which is the most common cause of death in the United States.

The warning signs of a heart attack include:

Chest discomfort that lasts more than a few minutes or doesn’t go away and returns
Pain or discomfort in the arms, back, neck, jaw, and stomach
Shortness of breath

Other signs of a heart attack can include:

Breaking out in a cold sweat
Nausea
A rapid or irregular heartbeat
Unusual tiredness
Heartburn or indigestion
Lightheadedness

Several key factors can affect your risk of having a heart attack. Unfortunately, some heart attack risk factors aren’t things you can modify. They include:

Age and sex
Family history of heart disease
Lifestyle
Certain health conditions

Healthcare providers usually diagnose heart attacks in an emergency room setting. If you have heart attack symptoms, you should undergo a physical exam. A healthcare provider will check your pulse, blood oxygen levels, and blood pressure, and listen to your heart and lung sounds. They will also ask about the symptoms you experienced.

A healthcare provider will diagnose a heart attack using the following testing procedures:

Blood tests
An Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
An echocardiogram
A coronary angiogram
A heart computed tomography (CT) scan
A heart MRI
An exercise stress test
Nuclear heart scans

Treating a heart attack means restoring blood flow to the affected heart muscle immediately. This can happen in various ways, ranging from medication to surgery. Treatment will likely include:

Supplementary oxygen
Medications
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Coronary artery bypass grafting

Although several risk factors for a heart attack can’t be modified, there are many ways to reduce your risk of a heart attack, including:

Scheduling a check-up with a healthcare provider
Quitting tobacco products
Exercising regularly
Eating nutritious foods
Maintaining a healthy weight
Managing existing health conditions
Reducing stress
Taking medications as prescribed
Keeping all medical appointments

Jamaica Hospital Medical Center has been awarded the Joint Commission’s Primary Heart Attack Center certification with a gold seal.

This certification standardizes patient care across hospital settings regarding identification, assessment, monitoring, management, data sharing, and performance improvement for multidisciplinary STEMI heart attack care. Our hospital collaborates with the American Heart Association (AHA) in providing patient-centric cardiac care for all patients, their families, and the community the hospital serves.

The protocols and performance measures related to this designation reduce variances and promote standardization of the best practices in cardiac care. This, in turn, assists in improving clinical outcomes.

For more information about heart attacks, visit the American Heart Association’s website: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks

If you are experiencing an emergency, please dial 911 right away. If you are experiencing heart attack symptoms, you can schedule an appointment at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center’s Cardiology Department by calling (718) 206-7100.

How to Take Care of Your Health after Cancer Treatment

Posted on June 1, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

After you are diagnosed with cancer and go through the treatment process, the time afterward is just as important as the time before. When your treatment is finished, a healthcare provider may tell you that you should get checkups or tests in the future. This is called follow-up care. These tests can help find early signs of a new cancer or the same cancer.

After your initial recovery, there are ways to improve your long-term health to enjoy the years ahead. The recommendations for cancer survivors are no different from those for anyone who wants to improve their health, including:

Exercising- regular exercise increases your sense of well-being after cancer treatment and can make you recover faster. Cancer survivors who exercise may experience:
- Increased strength and endurance
- Fewer symptoms of depression
- Less anxiety
- Reduced fatigue
- Improved mood
- Higher self-esteem
- Less pain
- Improved sleep
- Lower risk of the cancer coming back
- A sense of well-being
Eating a balanced diet- it is important to vary your diet to include lots of fruits and vegetables and whole grains. The American Cancer Society recommends that cancer survivors:
- Eat at least 2.5 to 3 cups of vegetables and 1.5 to 2 cups of fruits every day
- Choose healthy fats, including omega-3 fatty acids, such as those found in fish and walnuts
- Select proteins that are low in saturated fat, such as fish, lean meats, eggs, nuts, seeds, and legumes
- Opt for healthy sources of carbohydrates, such as whole grains, legumes, and fruits and vegetables
Maintaining a healthy weight- you may have gained or lost weight during treatment. Try to get your weight to a healthy level. Talk to your healthcare provider about what a healthy weight is for you and the best way to achieve that goal.
Getting good sleep- sleep problems are more common in people with cancer and cancer survivors. This can be due to physical changes, side effects of treatments, stress, or other reasons. Getting enough sleep is an important part of your recovery, as sleeping gives your mind and body time to recover and refresh to help you function at your best while awake. To optimize your chances of getting good sleep, practice healthy sleep habits, such as:
- Avoid caffeine for at least eight hours before bedtime
- Stick to a regular sleep schedule
- Avoid computer and television screens for one to two hours before bedtime
- Exercise no later than two to three hours before going to bed
- Keep your bedroom quiet, dim, and cool
Reducing stress- as a cancer survivor, you may find that the physical, emotional, and social effects of having cancer have taken a toll on you. Using effective coping strategies to deal with stress can greatly improve your quality of life. It can help relieve depression, anxiety, and symptoms related to cancer and its treatment. Effective stress management strategies may include:
- Relaxation or meditation techniques, such as mindfulness training
- Counseling
- Cancer support groups
- Medicines for depression or anxiety
- Exercise
- Interacting with friends and family
Avoiding tobacco usage- smoking or using chewing tobacco puts you at risk of several types of cancer. Quitting could reduce your risk of cancer coming back and lower the risk of developing a second type of cancer.
Limiting the amount of alcohol you drink- if you choose to drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For healthy adults, up to one drink a day for women of all ages and men older than age 65, and up to two drinks a day for men age 65 and younger.

While it may take an entire overhaul of your lifestyle to achieve all these goals, following these simple steps can improve your quality of life, helping you transition into being a survivor.

To schedule an appointment with an oncologist at our MediSys Health Network Cancer Center, or to learn more about our cancer care program, please call (718) 206-6742.

Different Types of Cancer Treatment

Posted on May 28, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Current cancer treatments are helping people live longer, fuller lives. There are many types of cancer treatment. Some people with cancer may only receive one type of treatment. While most may have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

A healthcare provider will recommend treatments based on your unique diagnosis, including your type of cancer, stage, and treatment goals.

The general goal of cancer treatment is to stop or slow the progression of the disease. In some cases, the goal of treatment is to eliminate the cancer.

There are more than 100 types of cancer, not including subtypes. Each type of cancer requires a unique treatment approach.

Healthcare providers may recommend one or a combination of cancer treatments, including:

Surgery- the goal is to remove all cancer cells and some of the surrounding healthy tissue
Radiation therapy uses high doses of radiation to destroy cancerous tumors. Types of radiation therapy include:
- External beam radiation therapy (EBRT)
- Internal radiation therapy
- Hyperthermia therapy
Chemotherapy- uses chemotherapy drugs to kill cancer cells
Hormone therapy blocks or reduces hormones that fuel cancer cell growth
Immunotherapy helps the immune system identify and destroy cancer cells
Targeted therapy- interferes with specific processes that allow some cancer cells to thrive
Ablation therapy- uses extreme hot or cold energy to kill cancer cells. Types of ablation therapy include:
- Cryoablation
- Laser therapy
- Electrosurgery
Bone marrow or hemopoietic stem cell transplant- replaces immature blood cells that are or could become cancerous with healthy cells. The two main types of stem cell transplants include:
- Autologous stem cell transplant
- Allogenic stem cell transplant
Clinical trials are studies that test the safety and effectiveness of new cancer treatments

Cancer treatment usually involves a main treatment and additional treatments. These treatments include:

Primary treatment is the main cancer treatment. The most common primary cancer treatment for tumors that haven’t spread is surgery
Adjuvant therapy is an additional therapy given after your primary treatment to help prevent or reduce the risk of cancer coming back
Neoadjuvant therapy is a treatment received before primary treatment

Cancer treatment may involve surgery or other procedures that target cancer cells, including:

Open surgery
Laparoscopic surgery
Precision technologies

Cancer therapy also involves medicines that you may take, which can include:

Orally
Topically
Intravenously (IV)
Injection

A healthcare provider may use words like “local” or “systemic” to describe the cancer treatments you may need.

Local treatments remove tumors or destroy cancer cells in a specific part of our body, or “locally”.

Systemic treatments destroy cancer cells that have broken off from the primary tumor and spread. This includes advanced cancers that have spread or metastasized to distant parts of the body.

Cancer treatment may be a one-time surgery or may require many treatments. Ask your healthcare provider what your course of treatment will involve.

To schedule an appointment with an oncologist at our MediSys Health Network Cancer Center, or to learn more about our cancer care program, please call (718) 206-6742.